FOR WOMEN
For women, a number of tests can be used to try to establish the cause of infertility. These include:

• General physical exam – the doctor will ask the woman about her medical history, medications, menstruation cycle, and sexual habits. She will also undergo a gynecological examination.
• Blood test – several things will be checked, for example, whether hormone levels are correct and whether the woman is ovulating (progesterone test).
• Hysterosalpingography – fluid is injected into the woman’s uterus which shows up in X-ray pictures. X-rays are taken to determine whether the fluid travels properly out of the uterus and into the fallopian tubes. This is done to determine the patency of the tubes.
• Laparoscopy – a thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end (laparoscope) is inserted into the abdomen and pelvis to look at the fallopian tubes, uterus and ovaries. A small incision is made below the belly button and a needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity; carbon dioxide is injected to create a space for the laparoscope. The doctor will be able to detect endometriosis, scarring, blockages, and some irregularities of the uterus and fallopian tubes if present.
• Ovarian reserve testing – this is done to find out the quantity and quality of the eggs left in the ovaries.
• Genetic testing – this is to find out whether a genetic abnormality is interfering with the woman’s fertility.
• Pelvic ultrasound – high frequency sound waves create an image of an organ in the body, which in this case is the woman’s uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to check for any abnormality.
• Chlamydia test – if the woman is found to have Chlamydia, which can affect fertility,and if present, she will be prescribed antibiotics to treat it.
• Thyroid function test – according to the National Health Service (UK) between 1.3% and 5.1% of infertile women have an abnormal thyroid which is called hypothyroidism and it affects fertility. Therefore, this test will detect it.

 FOR MEN
Also, for men, there are a number of tests can be used to try to establish the cause of infertility. These include:

• General physical exam – the doctor will ask the man about his medical history, medications, and sexual habits. The physician will also carry out an examination of his genitals. The testicles will be checked for lumps or deformities, while the shape and structure of the penis will be examined for any abnormalities.
• Semen analysis – the doctor may ask for some specimens of semen. They will be analyzed in a laboratory for sperm concentration, motility, color, quality, infections and whether any blood is present. As sperm counts can fluctuate, the man may have to produce more samples.
• Blood test – the lab will test for several things, including the man’s level of testosterone and other male hormones.
• Ultrasound test – the doctor will determine whether there is any ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation, or other abnormality.
• Chlamydia test – if the man is found to have Chlamydia, which can affect fertility, he will be prescribed antibiotics to treat it.